AGWE DYNASTY, ETHIOPIA‍

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This exquisite processional cross is a superb example of the liturgical metalwork produced in Christian Ethiopia during the later Zagwe or early Solomonic period. Cast in high-quality bronze using the lost-wax method, the cross displays a characteristic openwork design. Its expanding and nested cross motifs combine in a kaleidoscopic vision symbolizing the Tree of Life, the Four Gospels, divine light, and the eternal.

The Zagwe dynasty was a medieval Agaw monarchy that once ruled the northern parts of Ethiopia and Eritrea. They were remembered most for King Gebre Meskel Lalibela, who is credited with having ordered the construction of the rock-hewn, monolithic Christian churches of Lalibela. 

Here we find the distinctive style associated with the Zagwe tradition: symmetry, intricate patterning, and a harmonious blend of abstraction and sacred symbolism. Its finely balanced proportions and crisp casting suggest the hand of a skilled artisan, likely commissioned by a monastic or royal patron. Processional crosses were mounted on staffs and used in liturgical ceremonies and religious processions, signifying the presence and authority of the Church. The subtle wear from handling and devotional use attests to its active role in ecclesiastical life over centuries. 

A remarkable testament to Ethiopia's enduring Christian heritage, this cross not only embodies spiritual significance but also stands as a masterpiece of medieval African metalwork. An old metal collection tag is still affixed with collection number 188 from the Mission Inn Collection. Ethiopian crosses with early provenance are extremely rare and are highly desired by museums and collectors alike.