KONGO, D.R.C.‍

An nkisi (pl. mankishi), in the lore of west-central Africa, is an object or material substance invested with sacred energy and made available for spiritual protection. Mankishi are typically created from vessels or sculptures made of ceramic, cloth, wood, or other material. They contain spiritually potent substances referred to as “medicines” – such as soil, clay, or relics from a grave – to heal and defend against spiritual maladies. 

These powerful works are created with the help of an nganga – a spiritual healer, diviner, and mediator – who draws power for the nkisi from the bakisi, messengers from the spirit world. Cosmograms and symbols embodying sacred truths are inscribed on the surface or interior.

Mankishi have many interrelated functions. Healing, diagnosis, and metaphysical protection are among the foremost of these. They also channel outside spirits, effect spells of love and friendship, and repel or inflict harm upon enemies. One of the most iconic nkisi forms is the nkondi (nail figure), which contains bilongo – a “medicine” substance composed of organic ingredients – in the lower belly region, sometimes covered by a mirror. Nails or similar objects are driven into the figure with each magical appeal, activating the nkondi’s powers. 

This nkondi is composed in a classic mode, with a large head, strong stance, assertive facial attitude, and an emphasized midsection. The sharp, prickly upward surge of the coiffure and the bright, wild-eyed expression contribute to an aura of vigorous and formidable energy. Around the torso is molded a large chamber for the storage of bilongo, fronted with an embedded mirror which has been damaged. Additional power bundles are wrapped around and suspended from the neck, and a rich, black patina attests to a significant history of ritual use.